Pengaruh Dana Perimbangan dalam Mengurangi Ketimpangan Pendapatan dan Mendorong Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Sumatera Utara
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Submitted
1 May 2023
Accepted
29 January 2024
Published
28 June 2024
Keywords:
-
Fiscal Balance Funds, Panel Data, Fiscal Decentralization, Income Inequality, Economic Growth
Abstract
North Sumatera has implemented regional autonomy and fiscal decentralization policies in its regional finances. However, North Sumatera is still experiencing social inequality when viewed from the distribution of income and economic growth in various regions. Balancing funds consisting of revenue-sharing funds (DBH), general allocation funds (DAU), special physical allocation funds (DAK physical), special allocation funds for health (DBOK) and special allocation funds for education (DBOP) are expected to reduce income inequality and improve the economy in North Sumatera. This study aims to analyze the effect of balancing funds on income inequality and economic growth in North Sumatera in 2017-2021. This study uses the panel data regression method, with data obtained from BPS North Sumatra and the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance, Ministry of Finance. The findings of this study indicate that DBH and DBOK allocations have a significant effect on reducing income inequality. In addition, DAU, DAK physical, and DBOP have not had a significant impact on reducing income inequality. On the other hand, DBOK and DBOP allocations significantly influence economic growth.
Meanwhile, DBH, DAU, and DAK have not had a significant physical impact on the regional economy. The regional government in North Sumatra is expected to restore the function of the balance fund, which is to equalize regional development, reduce income inequality, improve the economy, and improve the welfare of the people. Balance funds are not used for the interests of several parties in personnel expenditures and government office operations.
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References
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Fisher, R. C. (2022). State and local public finance (5th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003030645
Furceri, D., Loungani, P., Ostry, J. D., & Pizzuto, P. (2021). The rise in inequality after pandemics: can fiscal support play a mitigating role? (WP/21/120). https://www.imf.org/-/media/Files/Publications/WP/2021/English/wpiea2021120-print-pdf.ashx
Gujarati, D. (2015). Econometric by example (2nd ed. pp. 326-327). Palgrave Macmillan.
Kaneva, T., Karpenko, M., Nasibova, O., Tabenska, J., & Tomniuk, T. (2023). Fiscal decentralization influence on public services efficiency and economic growth. Financial and Credit Activity Problems of Theory and Practice, 5(52), 68β78. https://doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.5.52.2023.4193
Liu, X., & Li, D. (2023). Analysis of the V.A.R. as a tool to investigate the impact of higher education on economic growth in Macau in the period 2000β2019. Economic Research-Ekonomska IstraΕΎivanja, 36(2), 1β15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2023.2171453
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Musviyanti, Khairin, F. N., Bone, H., Syakura, M. A., & Yudaruddin, R. (2022). Structure of local government budgets and local fiscal autonomy: Evidence from Indonesia. Public and Municipal Finance, 11(1), 79β89. https://doi.org/10.21511/pmf.11(1).2022.07
Nany, M., & Suryarini, T. (2022). Does balancing fund affect economic growth and poverty level in Central Java? Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi, 6(1), 1β24. http://jurnal.ugj.ac.id/index.php/jka
Oates, W. E. (1999). An Essay on Fiscal Federalism. Journal of Economic Literature, 37(3), 1120β1149. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2564874
Pradana, A. C. T., & Munβim, A. (2022). The effect of local revenue and balancing funds on the economy of Bali Province in 2012-2019. Jurnal Bina Praja, 14(3), 439β451. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.14.2022.439-451
Qehaja, S. S., Qehaja, D., Hoti, A., & Marovci, E. (2022). The relationship between government health expenditure and economic growth: Evidence from Western Balkan Countries. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting, 15(1), 10β20. https://doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v15i1.724
Qomariyah, N., Suharno, S., & Priyarsono, D. S. (2018). Dampak transfer fiskal dan belanja modal pemerintah daerah terhadap perekonomian sektoral, ketimpangan dan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, 5(2), 45β67. https://doi.org/10.29244/jekp.5.2.2016.45-67
Ridho, M. A. M., & Wijayanti, D. (2022). Analisis pengaruh dana alokasi umum, dana alokasi khusus, dana bagi hasil pajak, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia. Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi Dan Keuangan, 1(1), 71β81. https://doi.org/10.20885/JKEK.vol1.iss1.art7
Sandjaja, F. R., Nafisa, F., & Manurung, I. N. (2020). The impact of fiscal decentralization on welfare in selected provinces in Indonesia. Jurnal Bina Praja, 12(1), 21β31. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.12.2020.21-31
Saputera, A. G. E., & Pandoyo. (2020). Pengaruh DAU, PAD, DAK terhadap tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi pada Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekbank, 3(2), 17β28.
Singh, J. (2022). The impact of social infrastructure and physical infrastructure on economic growth in Punjab, India. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 57(5), 997β1012. https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096211043913
Sukirno, S. (2006). Makroekonomi: Pengantar teori (1st ed. pp. 422-432). Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persindo.
Tjiptoherijanto, P., & Soesetyo, B. (1992). Ekonomi kesehatan (1st ed.). Jakarta: Pusat Antar Universitas - EK-UI.
Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2012). Economic development (11th ed.). New York: Pearson.
Walujadi, D., Indupurnahayu, I., & Endri. Endri. (2022). Determinants of income inequality among provinces: Panel data evidence from Indonesia. Quality - Access to Success, 23(190). 243-250. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/23.190.26
Wirandana, P. A., & Khoirunurrofik, K. (2022). Educational inequality in Indonesia: are intergovernmental fiscal transfers effective in reducing the gap? Educational Studies, 1β20. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2022.2103647
Ziberi, B. F., Rexha, D., Ibraimi, X., & Avdiaj, B. (2022). Empirical analysis of the impact of education on economic growth. Economies, 10(4), 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10040089
Akita, T., Riadi, A. A., & Rizal, A. (2021). Fiscal disparities in Indonesia in the decentralization era: Does general allocation fund equalize fiscal revenues? Regional Science Policy & Practice, 13(6), 1842β1865. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12326
Alexeev, M., & Mamedov, A. (2017). Factors determining intra-regional fiscal decentralization in Russia and the US. Russian Journal of Economics, 3(4), 425β444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ruje.2017.12.007
Almutairi, N. T. (2023). Does investment in human capital via education stimulate economic growth in an oil-rich country? A case study of Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1β23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01265-1
Andrianus, F., & Said, M. (2006). Analisis sektor unggulan, ketimpangan pendapatan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi (Studi kasus Sumatera Barat tahun 1987-2002). Jurnal Dinamika Sosial Budaya, 8(1), 9β17.
Arshed, N., Anwar, A., Hassan, M. S., & Bukhari, S. (2019). Education stock and its implication for income inequality: The case of Asian economies. Review of Development Economics, 23(2), 1050β1066. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12585
AvcΔ±, H., & ΓalΔ±Εkan, Z. (2023). The effect of health on economic growth: A production function approach for Turkey. Panoeconomicus, 70(2), 1β27. https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN210411005A
Azizi, M. (2018). Dampak dana alokasi umum, dana alokasi khusus, dan dana bagi hasil terhadap ketimpangan produk domestik regional bruto di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Periode 2005 β 2014. Jurnal Kritis, 2(1), 1β32. http://ejournal.stiejb.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-kritis/article/download/9/9
Bahasoan, A., Rahmat, A., & Nurhajra, A. (2021). Effect of general allocation fund (DAU) and capital expenditure on economic growth in West Sulawesi Province period 2015 β 2018. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Accounting, Management and Economics. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-10-2020.2304266
Baltagi, B. H. (2021). Econometric analysis of panel data (6th ed.). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53953-5
BPS Sumatera Utara. (2022, June 13). Produk domestik regional bruto per kapita atas dasar harga konstan 2010 menurut kabupaten/kota. Medan : BPS Provinsi Sumatera Utara. https://sumut.bps.go.id/indicator/52/471/1/produk-domestik-regional-bruto-per-kapita-atas-dasar-harga-konstan-2010-menurut-kabupaten-kota-rupiah-.html
BPS Sumatera Utara. (2023a, February 13). Gini ratio Sumatera Utara menurut kabupaten/kota. Medan: BPS Provinsi Sumatera Utara. https://sumut.bps.go.id/subject/23/kemiskinan.html#subjekViewTab3
BPS Sumatera Utara. (2023b, March 30). Pendidikan. Medan : BPS Provinsi Sumatera Utara. https://sumut.bps.go.id/subject/28/pendidikan.html#subjekViewTab3
BPS Sumatera Utara. (2023c, April 3). Kesehatan. Medan : BPS Provinsi Sumatera Utara. https://sumut.bps.go.id/subject/30/Kesehatan.html#subjekViewTab3|accordion-daftar-subjek1
Canavire-Bacarreza, G., Martinez-Vazquez, J., & Yedgenov, B. (2019). Identifying and disentangling the impact of fiscal decentralization on economic growth (1037; IDB-WP-1037).
Chen, J., Pu, M., & Hou, W. (2019). The trend of the gini coefficient of China (1978β2010). Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 17(3), 261β285. https://doi.org/10.1080/14765284.2019.1663695
Digdowiseiso, K. (2022). Are fiscal decentralization and institutional quality poverty abating? Empirical evidence from developing countries. Cogent Economics & Finance, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2095769
Direktorat Jenderal Perimbangan Keuangan. (2023, January). Postur transfer ke daerah dan dana desa (TKDD). Direktorat Jenderal Perimbangan Keuangan. https://djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/portal/data/tkdd?tahun=2022&provinsi=02&pemda=--
Fatihudin, D., & Mauliddah, N. L. (2019). Expenditure on education, health and PDRB per capita on the gini ratio city in the East Java province of Indonesia. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(2), 2428β2434.
Fisher, R. C. (2022). State and local public finance (5th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003030645
Furceri, D., Loungani, P., Ostry, J. D., & Pizzuto, P. (2021). The rise in inequality after pandemics: can fiscal support play a mitigating role? (WP/21/120). https://www.imf.org/-/media/Files/Publications/WP/2021/English/wpiea2021120-print-pdf.ashx
Gujarati, D. (2015). Econometric by example (2nd ed. pp. 326-327). Palgrave Macmillan.
Kaneva, T., Karpenko, M., Nasibova, O., Tabenska, J., & Tomniuk, T. (2023). Fiscal decentralization influence on public services efficiency and economic growth. Financial and Credit Activity Problems of Theory and Practice, 5(52), 68β78. https://doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.5.52.2023.4193
Liu, X., & Li, D. (2023). Analysis of the V.A.R. as a tool to investigate the impact of higher education on economic growth in Macau in the period 2000β2019. Economic Research-Ekonomska IstraΕΎivanja, 36(2), 1β15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2023.2171453
Maysaroh, R., & Arif, M. (2022). Analisis peran dana alokasi khusus (DAK) fisik dalam meningkatkan indeks pembangunan manusia (IPM) dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Provinsi Sumatera Utara. El-Mujtama: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(3), 322β335. https://doi.org/10.47467/elmujtama.v2i3.1426
Musviyanti, Khairin, F. N., Bone, H., Syakura, M. A., & Yudaruddin, R. (2022). Structure of local government budgets and local fiscal autonomy: Evidence from Indonesia. Public and Municipal Finance, 11(1), 79β89. https://doi.org/10.21511/pmf.11(1).2022.07
Nany, M., & Suryarini, T. (2022). Does balancing fund affect economic growth and poverty level in Central Java? Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi, 6(1), 1β24. http://jurnal.ugj.ac.id/index.php/jka
Oates, W. E. (1999). An Essay on Fiscal Federalism. Journal of Economic Literature, 37(3), 1120β1149. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2564874
Pradana, A. C. T., & Munβim, A. (2022). The effect of local revenue and balancing funds on the economy of Bali Province in 2012-2019. Jurnal Bina Praja, 14(3), 439β451. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.14.2022.439-451
Qehaja, S. S., Qehaja, D., Hoti, A., & Marovci, E. (2022). The relationship between government health expenditure and economic growth: Evidence from Western Balkan Countries. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting, 15(1), 10β20. https://doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v15i1.724
Qomariyah, N., Suharno, S., & Priyarsono, D. S. (2018). Dampak transfer fiskal dan belanja modal pemerintah daerah terhadap perekonomian sektoral, ketimpangan dan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, 5(2), 45β67. https://doi.org/10.29244/jekp.5.2.2016.45-67
Ridho, M. A. M., & Wijayanti, D. (2022). Analisis pengaruh dana alokasi umum, dana alokasi khusus, dana bagi hasil pajak, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia. Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi Dan Keuangan, 1(1), 71β81. https://doi.org/10.20885/JKEK.vol1.iss1.art7
Sandjaja, F. R., Nafisa, F., & Manurung, I. N. (2020). The impact of fiscal decentralization on welfare in selected provinces in Indonesia. Jurnal Bina Praja, 12(1), 21β31. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.12.2020.21-31
Saputera, A. G. E., & Pandoyo. (2020). Pengaruh DAU, PAD, DAK terhadap tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi pada Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekbank, 3(2), 17β28.
Singh, J. (2022). The impact of social infrastructure and physical infrastructure on economic growth in Punjab, India. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 57(5), 997β1012. https://doi.org/10.1177/00219096211043913
Sukirno, S. (2006). Makroekonomi: Pengantar teori (1st ed. pp. 422-432). Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persindo.
Tjiptoherijanto, P., & Soesetyo, B. (1992). Ekonomi kesehatan (1st ed.). Jakarta: Pusat Antar Universitas - EK-UI.
Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2012). Economic development (11th ed.). New York: Pearson.
Walujadi, D., Indupurnahayu, I., & Endri. Endri. (2022). Determinants of income inequality among provinces: Panel data evidence from Indonesia. Quality - Access to Success, 23(190). 243-250. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/23.190.26
Wirandana, P. A., & Khoirunurrofik, K. (2022). Educational inequality in Indonesia: are intergovernmental fiscal transfers effective in reducing the gap? Educational Studies, 1β20. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2022.2103647
Ziberi, B. F., Rexha, D., Ibraimi, X., & Avdiaj, B. (2022). Empirical analysis of the impact of education on economic growth. Economies, 10(4), 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10040089
Authors
Purba, S. F., & Simandjorang, B. M. T. V. (2024). Pengaruh Dana Perimbangan dalam Mengurangi Ketimpangan Pendapatan dan Mendorong Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Sumatera Utara. Indonesian Treasury Review: Jurnal Perbendaharaan, Keuangan Negara Dan Kebijakan Publik, 9(2), 141β155. https://doi.org/10.33105/itrev.v9i2.887
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