Digitalisasi Penyelenggaraan Bansos: Studi Tentang Strategi dan Tantangan di Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Published
Mar 30, 2024
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to identify the challenges of social assistance implementation in Indonesia, to know whether the digitalization of social assistance can answer these challenges, and to determine the willingness for the digitalization of social assistance. The analysis used in this research is qualitative descriptive analysis, quantitative descriptive and comparative study. The data used in this study are secondary data from the March 2021 SUSENAS and OMSPAN, as well as primary data from surveys on readiness for digitalization of social assistance in five cities with a total of 340 respondents. This research found that the challenges of implementing social assistance programs in Indonesia come from institutions, data, program fragmentation, distribution and utilization of social assistance. The efforts to digitize social assistance can overcome these challenges; however, the willingness towards digitizing social assistance is still constrained by the absence of the pre-condition for the success of digital transformation of social assistance.
Article Details
How to Cite
Prasetyo, T., Merini, D., & Wulandari, S. (2024). Digitalisasi Penyelenggaraan Bansos: Studi Tentang Strategi dan Tantangan di Indonesia. Indonesian Treasury Review: Jurnal Perbendaharaan, Keuangan Negara Dan Kebijakan Publik, 9(1), 71-86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33105/itrev.v9i1.786
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright notice can be accessed here
References
Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan. (2021). Laporan Hasil Pemeriksaan Atas Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Pusat Tahun 2020 Atas Sistem Pengendalian Intern dan Kepatuhan Terhadap Ketentuan Peraturan-Perundang-Undangan. Jakarta: Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional 2021
Bahle, T., & Wendt, C. (2021). Social Assistance. The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State (2nd Edition ed., hal. 624 - C36.N). Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.36
Bank Indonesia. (2020). Elektronifikasi. Bank Indonesia. Retrieved November 10, 2022 from https://www.bi.go.id/id/fungsi-utama/sistem-pembayaran/ritel/elektronifikasi/default.aspx#floating-1
Bank Indonesia .(2021). Ekonomi Digital Terus Tumbuh, QRIS Tembus 12 Juta Merchant. Siaran Pers Bank Indonesia. Retrieved November 21, 2022 from https://www.bi.go.id/id/publikasi/ruang-media/news-release/Pages/sp_2328621.aspx
Barrientos, A., & Pellissery, S. (2015). Political Factors in the Growth of Social Assistance. The Politics of Inclusive Development: Interrogating the Evidence (146-173). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Better than Cash Alliance. (2016). Building a Gateway to Digital Payments in Afghanistan: the WFP's evoucher initiative. Retrieved November 24, 2022 from https://www.betterthancash.org/explore-resources/building-a-gateway-to-digital-payments-in-afghanistan-the-world-food-programmes-evoucher-initiative
Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods Fifth Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Castel-Branco, R. (2021). Improvising an E-state: The Struggle for Cash Transfer Digitalization in Mozambique. Development and Change, 52(4), 756-779. doi:10.1111/dech.12665
Department for International Development. (2009). Designing and Implementing Financially Inclusive Payment Arrangements for Social Transfer Programmes. London: DFID.
Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan. (2022). Online Monitoring Sistem Perbendaharaan dan Anggaran Negara. Retrieved November XX 2022 from https://spanint.kemenkeu.go.id/spanint/latest/app/
Gentilini, U., & Omamo, S. W. (2011). Social protection 2.0: Exploring issues, evidence and debates in a globalizing world. Food Policy, 36, 329-340. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2011.03.007
Greve, B. (2008). What is Welfare. Central European Journal of Public Policy, 2(1), 50-73. Diambil kembali dari http://www.cejpp.eu/index.php/download-document/16-what-is-welfare.html
Gronbach, L. (2020). Social Cash Transfer Payment Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cape Town: Centre for Social Science Research University of Cape Town. http://cssr.uct.ac.za/pub/wp/452
Handayani, S. W., Domingo-Palacpac, M., Lovelock, P., & Burkley, C. (2017). Improving the Delivery of Social Protection through ICT: Case Studies in Mongolia, Nepal, and Viet Nam. Metro Manila: Asian Development Bank. doi:10.22617/WPS179135-2
Helmizar, Zakiah, K., Pidhegso, A. Y., Dwikirana, S. A., Lestari, V. P., Putra, H. D., & Lestari, A. S. (2021). Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Data Terpadu Kesejahteraan Sosial. Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI. Jakarta: Pusat Kajian Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara.
Herdiansyah, H. (2019). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif untuk Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Perspektif Konvensional dan Kontemporer (Edisi ke-2 ed.). Jakarta: Penerbit Salemba Humanika.
Inter Agency Social Protection Assessments. (2016). Social Protection Payment Delivery Mechanisms. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Johnson, E., Hughson, G., & Brown, A. (2015). Hello, money: the impact of technology and e-money in the Nepal earthquake response. Humanitarian Exchange, 65(9), 27-29.
Kawasoe, Y. (2022). Toward more Accessible and Inclusive Social Assistance Delivery: A Geospatial Analysis in The Philippines. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/37178
Keefer, P., & Khemani, S. (2003). The Political Economy of Public Expenditures. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Keith, A. L. (2017). The cash debate in Lebanon. Humanitarian Practice Network: https://odihpn.org/publication/cash-debate-lebanon/
Kementerian Keuangan. (2015). Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 254/PMK.05/2015 tentang Belanja Bantuan Sosial pada Kementerian Negara/Lembaga.
Kementerian Sosial. (2021). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Program Keluarga Harapan tahun 2021. Jakarta: Kementerian Sosial.
Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi. (2020). Mengawal Kucuran Deras Dana COVID-19. Dalam Integrito (1 ed., hal. 21-25). Jakarta: Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi.
Muhingi, W. N., Mavole, J. N., & Odera, B. A. (2020). Digital Cash Payment and Accessibility of Inua Jamii Cash Transfer Program in Matungulu Sub-County, Machakos County, Kenya. The International Journal of Social and Development Concerns (IJSDC), 13(3), 40-54.
Qanita, I. (2021, August 30). Yuk Cek Menu “Usul” dan “Sanggah” di Aplikasi Cek Bansos! Kementerian Sosial. Retrieved November 27, 2022 from https://kemensos.go.id/yuk-cek-menu-usul-dan-sanggah-di-aplikasi-cek-bansos
Rahayu, S. K., Larasati, D., Siyaranamual, M. D., Huda, K. A., Kidd, S., & Gelders, B. (2018). Sistem Perlindungan Sosial Indonesia Ke Depan: Perlindungan Sosial Sepanjang Hayat Bagi Semua. Jakarta: Publikasi Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan.
Rais, I. M. (2021, December 26). Penyaluran Bansos Kerap Bermasalah, Ombudsman Berikan Saran Tindakan Korektif kepada Kemensos. Ombudsman Republik Indonesia. Retrieved November 22, 2022 from https://ombudsman.go.id/news/r/penyaluran-bansos-kerap-bermasalah--ombudsman-berikan-saran-tindakan-korektif-kepada-kemensos
Saptati, R. (2022, September 16). Pemerintah Terus Salurkan Bansos, Apa Saja Rinciannya?. Media Keuangan Kemenkeu. Retrieved October 21, 2022 from https://mediakeuangan.kemenkeu.go.id/article/show/pemerintah-terus-salurkan-bansos-apa-saja-rinciannya
Schimmel, V. (2014, November). UNHCR cash programming in emergencies: implementation and coordination experience during the Syrian refugee response in Jordan. Field Exchange, 48, 76. Retrieved November 22, 2022 from Field Exchange: https://www.ennonline.net/fex/48/unhcrcash
Tashakkori, A., & Creswell, J. W. (2007). Editorial: The New Era of Mixed Methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research.
United States Agency for International Development. (2020, December). Building Resilient and Inclusive Digital Ecosystems. Retrieved November 23, 2022 from https://www.usaid.gov/digital-development/digital-finance/digital-payments-toolkit
Walker, R. (2005). Social Security and Welfare: Concepts and Comparisons. Berkshire: Open University Press.
Widyaningsih, D., Ruhmaniyati, & Toyamah, N. (2022). Mendorong Pemutakhiran Berkelanjutan terhadap Data Terpadu Kesejahteraan Sosial. Jakarta: The SMERU Research Institute.
World Bank. (2001). World Development Report 2000/2001 : Attacking Poverty. New York: Oxford University Press. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/11856
World Bank. (2020). Exploring Universal Basic Income: A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices. (U. Gentilini, M. Grosh, J. Rigolini, & R. Yemtsov, Penyunt.) Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1458-7
World Food Programme. (2016, October 6). WFP Introduces Iris Scan Technology To Provide Food Assistance To Syrian Refugees In Zaatari. World Food Programme. Retrieved November 24, 2022 from https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-introduces-innovative-iris-scan-technology-provide-food-assistance-syrian-refu
Yi, I. (2015). Diversity in Moving Towards Integrated, Coordinated and Equitable Social Protection Systems: Experiences of Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Taiwan, Province of China. Beijing: United Nations Development Programme and United Nations Research Institute for Social.
Yuwono, M. (2022). Paparan Progress dan Tata Keloala Pasca Pendataan Regsosek. Bincang-Bincang Regsosek 10 Oktober 2022. Jakarta.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional 2021
Bahle, T., & Wendt, C. (2021). Social Assistance. The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State (2nd Edition ed., hal. 624 - C36.N). Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.36
Bank Indonesia. (2020). Elektronifikasi. Bank Indonesia. Retrieved November 10, 2022 from https://www.bi.go.id/id/fungsi-utama/sistem-pembayaran/ritel/elektronifikasi/default.aspx#floating-1
Bank Indonesia .(2021). Ekonomi Digital Terus Tumbuh, QRIS Tembus 12 Juta Merchant. Siaran Pers Bank Indonesia. Retrieved November 21, 2022 from https://www.bi.go.id/id/publikasi/ruang-media/news-release/Pages/sp_2328621.aspx
Barrientos, A., & Pellissery, S. (2015). Political Factors in the Growth of Social Assistance. The Politics of Inclusive Development: Interrogating the Evidence (146-173). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Better than Cash Alliance. (2016). Building a Gateway to Digital Payments in Afghanistan: the WFP's evoucher initiative. Retrieved November 24, 2022 from https://www.betterthancash.org/explore-resources/building-a-gateway-to-digital-payments-in-afghanistan-the-world-food-programmes-evoucher-initiative
Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods Fifth Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Castel-Branco, R. (2021). Improvising an E-state: The Struggle for Cash Transfer Digitalization in Mozambique. Development and Change, 52(4), 756-779. doi:10.1111/dech.12665
Department for International Development. (2009). Designing and Implementing Financially Inclusive Payment Arrangements for Social Transfer Programmes. London: DFID.
Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan. (2022). Online Monitoring Sistem Perbendaharaan dan Anggaran Negara. Retrieved November XX 2022 from https://spanint.kemenkeu.go.id/spanint/latest/app/
Gentilini, U., & Omamo, S. W. (2011). Social protection 2.0: Exploring issues, evidence and debates in a globalizing world. Food Policy, 36, 329-340. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2011.03.007
Greve, B. (2008). What is Welfare. Central European Journal of Public Policy, 2(1), 50-73. Diambil kembali dari http://www.cejpp.eu/index.php/download-document/16-what-is-welfare.html
Gronbach, L. (2020). Social Cash Transfer Payment Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cape Town: Centre for Social Science Research University of Cape Town. http://cssr.uct.ac.za/pub/wp/452
Handayani, S. W., Domingo-Palacpac, M., Lovelock, P., & Burkley, C. (2017). Improving the Delivery of Social Protection through ICT: Case Studies in Mongolia, Nepal, and Viet Nam. Metro Manila: Asian Development Bank. doi:10.22617/WPS179135-2
Helmizar, Zakiah, K., Pidhegso, A. Y., Dwikirana, S. A., Lestari, V. P., Putra, H. D., & Lestari, A. S. (2021). Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Data Terpadu Kesejahteraan Sosial. Badan Keahlian Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI. Jakarta: Pusat Kajian Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara.
Herdiansyah, H. (2019). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif untuk Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Perspektif Konvensional dan Kontemporer (Edisi ke-2 ed.). Jakarta: Penerbit Salemba Humanika.
Inter Agency Social Protection Assessments. (2016). Social Protection Payment Delivery Mechanisms. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Johnson, E., Hughson, G., & Brown, A. (2015). Hello, money: the impact of technology and e-money in the Nepal earthquake response. Humanitarian Exchange, 65(9), 27-29.
Kawasoe, Y. (2022). Toward more Accessible and Inclusive Social Assistance Delivery: A Geospatial Analysis in The Philippines. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/37178
Keefer, P., & Khemani, S. (2003). The Political Economy of Public Expenditures. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Keith, A. L. (2017). The cash debate in Lebanon. Humanitarian Practice Network: https://odihpn.org/publication/cash-debate-lebanon/
Kementerian Keuangan. (2015). Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 254/PMK.05/2015 tentang Belanja Bantuan Sosial pada Kementerian Negara/Lembaga.
Kementerian Sosial. (2021). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Program Keluarga Harapan tahun 2021. Jakarta: Kementerian Sosial.
Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi. (2020). Mengawal Kucuran Deras Dana COVID-19. Dalam Integrito (1 ed., hal. 21-25). Jakarta: Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi.
Muhingi, W. N., Mavole, J. N., & Odera, B. A. (2020). Digital Cash Payment and Accessibility of Inua Jamii Cash Transfer Program in Matungulu Sub-County, Machakos County, Kenya. The International Journal of Social and Development Concerns (IJSDC), 13(3), 40-54.
Qanita, I. (2021, August 30). Yuk Cek Menu “Usul” dan “Sanggah” di Aplikasi Cek Bansos! Kementerian Sosial. Retrieved November 27, 2022 from https://kemensos.go.id/yuk-cek-menu-usul-dan-sanggah-di-aplikasi-cek-bansos
Rahayu, S. K., Larasati, D., Siyaranamual, M. D., Huda, K. A., Kidd, S., & Gelders, B. (2018). Sistem Perlindungan Sosial Indonesia Ke Depan: Perlindungan Sosial Sepanjang Hayat Bagi Semua. Jakarta: Publikasi Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan.
Rais, I. M. (2021, December 26). Penyaluran Bansos Kerap Bermasalah, Ombudsman Berikan Saran Tindakan Korektif kepada Kemensos. Ombudsman Republik Indonesia. Retrieved November 22, 2022 from https://ombudsman.go.id/news/r/penyaluran-bansos-kerap-bermasalah--ombudsman-berikan-saran-tindakan-korektif-kepada-kemensos
Saptati, R. (2022, September 16). Pemerintah Terus Salurkan Bansos, Apa Saja Rinciannya?. Media Keuangan Kemenkeu. Retrieved October 21, 2022 from https://mediakeuangan.kemenkeu.go.id/article/show/pemerintah-terus-salurkan-bansos-apa-saja-rinciannya
Schimmel, V. (2014, November). UNHCR cash programming in emergencies: implementation and coordination experience during the Syrian refugee response in Jordan. Field Exchange, 48, 76. Retrieved November 22, 2022 from Field Exchange: https://www.ennonline.net/fex/48/unhcrcash
Tashakkori, A., & Creswell, J. W. (2007). Editorial: The New Era of Mixed Methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research.
United States Agency for International Development. (2020, December). Building Resilient and Inclusive Digital Ecosystems. Retrieved November 23, 2022 from https://www.usaid.gov/digital-development/digital-finance/digital-payments-toolkit
Walker, R. (2005). Social Security and Welfare: Concepts and Comparisons. Berkshire: Open University Press.
Widyaningsih, D., Ruhmaniyati, & Toyamah, N. (2022). Mendorong Pemutakhiran Berkelanjutan terhadap Data Terpadu Kesejahteraan Sosial. Jakarta: The SMERU Research Institute.
World Bank. (2001). World Development Report 2000/2001 : Attacking Poverty. New York: Oxford University Press. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/11856
World Bank. (2020). Exploring Universal Basic Income: A Guide to Navigating Concepts, Evidence, and Practices. (U. Gentilini, M. Grosh, J. Rigolini, & R. Yemtsov, Penyunt.) Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1458-7
World Food Programme. (2016, October 6). WFP Introduces Iris Scan Technology To Provide Food Assistance To Syrian Refugees In Zaatari. World Food Programme. Retrieved November 24, 2022 from https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-introduces-innovative-iris-scan-technology-provide-food-assistance-syrian-refu
Yi, I. (2015). Diversity in Moving Towards Integrated, Coordinated and Equitable Social Protection Systems: Experiences of Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Taiwan, Province of China. Beijing: United Nations Development Programme and United Nations Research Institute for Social.
Yuwono, M. (2022). Paparan Progress dan Tata Keloala Pasca Pendataan Regsosek. Bincang-Bincang Regsosek 10 Oktober 2022. Jakarta.