Carbon Tax Sebagai Alternatif Kebijakan Untuk Mengatasi Eksternalitas Negatif Emisi Karbon di Indonesia
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Abstract
The negative externalities of carbon emissions have become global problems requiring public-private collaboration for successful intervention. Based on the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference, to reduce carbon emissions by 26% from BAU (business as usual), one of policies that might be implemented is the carbon tax. By pragmatically analyzing the experiences of countries that have successfully implemented a carbon tax, it is expected that an ideal formulation and mechanism of carbon tax for Indonesia can be developed. The limitation of such studies are the behavioral effect of the readiness of Indonesian society to implement carbon tax and a comprehensive calculation on the proposed carbon tax rates. The results of study showed that the carbon tax could be implemented in Indonesia. The ideal formulation of carbon tax being used as a reference in determining policies to address the negative externalities of carbon emissions and global warming.
Abstrak
Eksternalitas negatif emisi karbon merupakan permasalahan global yang penanganannya memerlukan kehadiran intervensi pemerintah. Sesuai dengan komitmen pemerintah dalam Konferensi Perubahan Iklim Kopenhagen untuk menurunkan emisi karbon sebesar 26% dari BAU (business as usual), maka salah satu kebijakan yang dapat digunakan adalah carbon tax. Menggunakan metode practical approach pada negara-negara yang telah berhasil menerapkan carbon tax diharapkan terdapat rumusan carbon tax yang ideal serta mekanisme dapat diterapkannya carbon tax di Indonesia. Keterbatasan area penelitian yang perlu diteliti lebih mendalam adalah mengenai behavioral effect kesiapan masyarakat Indonesia atas penerapan carbon tax, serta perhitungan yang komprehensif atas usulan tarif pajak. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa carbon tax dapat diterapkan di Indonesia. Rumusan ideal carbon tax dapat digunakan sebagai referensi dalam penentuan kebijakan untuk mengatasi eksternalitas negatif emisi karbon serta global warming.
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