Efisiensi dan Produktivitas Kinerja Perguruan Tinggi Badan Layanan Umum Indonesia
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Dec 30, 2022
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Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the efficiency and productivity of 24 Public Universities as Public Service Agencies (PUPSA) in Indonesia. The approach used is a quantitative approach with the Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Productivity Index methods. The findings in this study indicate that the average efficiency level of PUPSA in Indonesia is at an inefficient level. Only six (25%) PUPSA are able to maintain their efficiency during the study period and only three (12.5%) PUPSA do not experience changes in their efficiency scores due to changes in parameters. The malmquist productivity index approach finds that the average productivity of PUPSA increases, but it is dominated by technological improvements rather than technical efficiency improvements. In addition, quadrant analysis indicates that six PUPSA (25%) are in quadrant 1 (High Efficiency and Productivity), seven PUPSA (29.17%) are in quadrant 2 (High Efficiency, Low Productivity, six PUPSA (25%) ) are in quadrant 3 (Low Efficiency, High Productivity), and five PUPSA (20.83%) are in quadrant 4 (Low Efficiency and Productivity)
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Sulaeman, A., & Sofi, S. (2022). Efisiensi dan Produktivitas Kinerja Perguruan Tinggi Badan Layanan Umum Indonesia. Indonesian Treasury Review: Jurnal Perbendaharaan, Keuangan Negara Dan Kebijakan Publik, 7(4), 365-378. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33105/itrev.v7i4.479
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References
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Agasisti, Tommaso, Cristian Barra, and Roberto Zotti. 2016. “Evaluating the Efficiency of Italian Public Universities (2008–2011) in Presence of (Unobserved) Heterogeneity.” Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 55.
Alip, Muhammad, Mimin Nur Aisyah, and Indarto Waluyo. 2015. Pemodelan Dan Analisis Efisiensi Serta Produktivitas Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan Di Indonesia Dengan Pendekatan Malmquist Index Dan Data Envelopment Analysis.
Alm, James, and Denvil Duncan. 2014. “Estimating Tax Agency Efficiency.” Public Budgeting and Finance 34(3).
Benicio, Juliana, and João Carlos Soares De Mello. 2015. “Productivity Analysis and Variable Returns of Scale: DEA Efficiency Frontier Interpretation.” in Procedia Computer Science. Vol. 55.
Bolli, Thomas, and Mehdi Farsi. 2012. “The Dynamics of Labor Productivity in Swiss Universities.” SSRN Electronic Journal.
Boussofiane, A., R. G. Dyson, and E. Thanassoulis. 1991. “Applied Data Envelopment Analysis.” European Journal of Operational Research 52(1).
Cadez, Simon, Vlado Dimovski, and Maja Zaman Groff. 2017. “Research, Teaching and Performance Evaluation in Academia: The Salience of Quality.” Studies in Higher Education 42(8).
Chang, Te Yi, Pi Heng Chung, and Shiuh Sheng Hsu. 2012. “Two-Stage Performance Model for Evaluating the Managerial Efficiency of Higher Education: Application by the Taiwanese Tourism and Leisure Department.” Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education 11(2).
Chen, Jui Kuei, and I. Shuo Chen. 2011. “Inno-Qual Efficiency of Higher Education: Empirical Testing Using Data Envelopment Analysis.” Expert Systems with Applications 38(3).
Coelli, Timothy J., D. S. Prasada Rao, Christopher J. O’Donnell, and George E. Battese. 2005. An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis.
Dyson, R. G., R. Allen, A. S. Camanho, V. V. Podinovski, C. S. Sarrico, and E. A. Shale. 2001. “Pitfalls and Protocols in DEA.” European Journal of Operational Research 132(2).
Fancello, Gianfranco, Michele Carta, and Patrizia Serra. 2020. “Data Envelopment Analysis for the Assessment of Road Safety in Urban Road Networks: A Comparative Study Using CCR and BCC Models.” Case Studies on Transport Policy 8(3).
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Martínez-Campillo, Almudena, and Yolanda Fernández-Santos. 2020. “The Impact of the Economic Crisis on the (in)Efficiency of Public Higher Education Institutions in Southern Europe: The Case of Spanish Universities.” Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 71.
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Nugraha, Faizal Angga. 2017. “Determinan Efisiensi Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Berstatus Badan Layanan Umum Di Indonesia.” Universitas Brawijaya.
O’Mahony, Mary, and Philip Stevens. 2009. “Output and Productivity Growth in the Education Sector: Comparisons for the US and UK.” Journal of Productivity Analysis 31(3).
Pedraja-Chaparro, F., J. Salinas-Jiménez, and P. Smith. 1999. “On the Quality of the Data Envelopment Analysis Model.” Journal of the Operational Research Society 50(6).
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Saputra, Rikki Okto. 2018. “Efisiensi Universitas Badan Layanan Umum Dengan Metode Data Envelopment Analysis.” Indonesian Treasury Review Jurnal Perbendaharaan Keuangan Negara Dan Kebijakan Publik 3(1).
Sarrico, Cláudia S., Pedro N. Teixeira, Maria J. Rosa, and Margarida F. Cardoso. 2009. “Subject Mix and Productivity in Portuguese Universities.” European Journal of Operational Research 197(1).
Sav, G. Thomas. 2012. “Data Envelopment Analysis of Productivity Changes in Higher Education For-Profit Enterprises Compared to Non-Profits.” International Business Research 5(9).
Selim, Sibel, and Sibel Aybarc Bursalioglu. 2013. “Analysis of the Determinants of Universities Efficiency in Turkey: Application of the Data Envelopment Analysis and Panel Tobit Model.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 89.
Shamohammadi, Mehdi, and Dong hyun Oh. 2019. “Measuring the Efficiency Changes of Private Universities of Korea: A Two-Stage Network Data Envelopment Analysis.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 148.
Sreekumar, S., and S. S. Mahapatra. 2011. “Performance Modeling of Indian Business Schools: A DEA-Neural Network Approach.” Benchmarking 18(2).
Thanassoulis, E., M. Kortelainen, G. Johnes, and J. Johnes. 2011. “Costs and Efficiency of Higher Education Institutions in England: A DEA Analysis.” Journal of the Operational Research Society 62(7).
Wibowo, Adrian Josef. 2019. “Analisis Efisiensi Kantor Pelayanan Pajak (KPP) Pratama Dengan Metode Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis.” Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN.
Agasisti, Tommaso, Cristian Barra, and Roberto Zotti. 2016. “Evaluating the Efficiency of Italian Public Universities (2008–2011) in Presence of (Unobserved) Heterogeneity.” Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 55.
Alip, Muhammad, Mimin Nur Aisyah, and Indarto Waluyo. 2015. Pemodelan Dan Analisis Efisiensi Serta Produktivitas Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan Di Indonesia Dengan Pendekatan Malmquist Index Dan Data Envelopment Analysis.
Alm, James, and Denvil Duncan. 2014. “Estimating Tax Agency Efficiency.” Public Budgeting and Finance 34(3).
Benicio, Juliana, and João Carlos Soares De Mello. 2015. “Productivity Analysis and Variable Returns of Scale: DEA Efficiency Frontier Interpretation.” in Procedia Computer Science. Vol. 55.
Bolli, Thomas, and Mehdi Farsi. 2012. “The Dynamics of Labor Productivity in Swiss Universities.” SSRN Electronic Journal.
Boussofiane, A., R. G. Dyson, and E. Thanassoulis. 1991. “Applied Data Envelopment Analysis.” European Journal of Operational Research 52(1).
Cadez, Simon, Vlado Dimovski, and Maja Zaman Groff. 2017. “Research, Teaching and Performance Evaluation in Academia: The Salience of Quality.” Studies in Higher Education 42(8).
Chang, Te Yi, Pi Heng Chung, and Shiuh Sheng Hsu. 2012. “Two-Stage Performance Model for Evaluating the Managerial Efficiency of Higher Education: Application by the Taiwanese Tourism and Leisure Department.” Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education 11(2).
Chen, Jui Kuei, and I. Shuo Chen. 2011. “Inno-Qual Efficiency of Higher Education: Empirical Testing Using Data Envelopment Analysis.” Expert Systems with Applications 38(3).
Coelli, Timothy J., D. S. Prasada Rao, Christopher J. O’Donnell, and George E. Battese. 2005. An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis.
Dyson, R. G., R. Allen, A. S. Camanho, V. V. Podinovski, C. S. Sarrico, and E. A. Shale. 2001. “Pitfalls and Protocols in DEA.” European Journal of Operational Research 132(2).
Fancello, Gianfranco, Michele Carta, and Patrizia Serra. 2020. “Data Envelopment Analysis for the Assessment of Road Safety in Urban Road Networks: A Comparative Study Using CCR and BCC Models.” Case Studies on Transport Policy 8(3).
Fare, R., S. Grosskopf, M. Norris, and Zhongyang Zhang. 1994. “Productivity Growth, Technical Progress, and Efficiency Change in Industrialized Countries.” American Economic Review 84(1).
Farrell, M. J. 1957. “The Measurement of Productive Efficiency.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General) 120(3).
Farrell, M. J., and M. Fieldhouse. 1962. “Estimating Efficient Production Functions under Increasing Returns to Scale.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General) 125(2).
Flegg, A. T., D. O. Allen, K. Field, and T. W. Thurlow. 2004. “Measuring the Efficiency of British Universities: A Multi-Period Data Envelopment Analysis.” Education Economics 12(3).
Ghozali, Imam. 2011. “Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 19 (Edisi Kelima).” Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program SPSS (1996).
Golany, B., and Y. Roll. 1989. “An Application Procedure for DEA.” Omega 17(3).
Gu, Wulong, and Ambrose Wong. 2015. “Productivity and Economic Output of the Education Sector.” Journal of Productivity Analysis 43(2).
Haryadi, Arianto. 2011. “Analisis Efisiensi Teknis Bidang Pendidikan (Penerapan Data Envelopment Analysis).” Universitas Indonesia.
Jati, Handaru. 2015. “PENILAIAN EFISIENSI UNIVERSITAS LPTK DI INDONESIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS.” Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education) 1(1).
Johnes, Geraint, and Jill Johnes. 2009. “Higher Education Institutions’ Costs and Efficiency: Taking the Decomposition a Further Step.” Economics of Education Review 28(1).
Johnes, Jill. 2006. “Data Envelopment Analysis and Its Application to the Measurement of Efficiency in Higher Education.” Economics of Education Review 25(3).
Kuah, Chuen Tse, and Kuan Yew Wong. 2011. “Efficiency Assessment of Universities through Data Envelopment Analysis.” in Procedia Computer Science. Vol. 3.
Martínez-Campillo, Almudena, and Yolanda Fernández-Santos. 2020. “The Impact of the Economic Crisis on the (in)Efficiency of Public Higher Education Institutions in Southern Europe: The Case of Spanish Universities.” Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 71.
Ngatindriatun, Ngatindriatun, and Hertiana Ikasari. 2009. “Efisiensi Relatif Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Di Indonesia: Pendekatan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA).” Jurnal Manajemen Teori Dan Terapan| Journal of Theory and Applied Management 2(3).
Nugraha, Faizal Angga. 2017. “Determinan Efisiensi Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Berstatus Badan Layanan Umum Di Indonesia.” Universitas Brawijaya.
O’Mahony, Mary, and Philip Stevens. 2009. “Output and Productivity Growth in the Education Sector: Comparisons for the US and UK.” Journal of Productivity Analysis 31(3).
Pedraja-Chaparro, F., J. Salinas-Jiménez, and P. Smith. 1999. “On the Quality of the Data Envelopment Analysis Model.” Journal of the Operational Research Society 50(6).
Ramanathan, R. 2003. Downloaded An Introduction to Data Envelopment Analysis - A Tool for Performance Measurement. Vol. 4.
Saputra, Rikki Okto. 2018. “Efisiensi Universitas Badan Layanan Umum Dengan Metode Data Envelopment Analysis.” Indonesian Treasury Review Jurnal Perbendaharaan Keuangan Negara Dan Kebijakan Publik 3(1).
Sarrico, Cláudia S., Pedro N. Teixeira, Maria J. Rosa, and Margarida F. Cardoso. 2009. “Subject Mix and Productivity in Portuguese Universities.” European Journal of Operational Research 197(1).
Sav, G. Thomas. 2012. “Data Envelopment Analysis of Productivity Changes in Higher Education For-Profit Enterprises Compared to Non-Profits.” International Business Research 5(9).
Selim, Sibel, and Sibel Aybarc Bursalioglu. 2013. “Analysis of the Determinants of Universities Efficiency in Turkey: Application of the Data Envelopment Analysis and Panel Tobit Model.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 89.
Shamohammadi, Mehdi, and Dong hyun Oh. 2019. “Measuring the Efficiency Changes of Private Universities of Korea: A Two-Stage Network Data Envelopment Analysis.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 148.
Sreekumar, S., and S. S. Mahapatra. 2011. “Performance Modeling of Indian Business Schools: A DEA-Neural Network Approach.” Benchmarking 18(2).
Thanassoulis, E., M. Kortelainen, G. Johnes, and J. Johnes. 2011. “Costs and Efficiency of Higher Education Institutions in England: A DEA Analysis.” Journal of the Operational Research Society 62(7).
Wibowo, Adrian Josef. 2019. “Analisis Efisiensi Kantor Pelayanan Pajak (KPP) Pratama Dengan Metode Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis.” Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN.