Pengaruh Kebijakan Bea Keluar terhadap Ekspor Indonesia ke Uni Eropa
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Jun 30, 2022
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Abstract
Penyebab belum selesainya negosiasi Indonesia-European Union Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IEU CEPA) adalah masih adanya poin pembahasan yang belum disepakati kedua belah pihak, salah satunya adalah usulan Uni Eropa untuk menghapus kebijakan bea keluar Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan unit observasi komoditas ekspor kode harmonized system enam digit dalam rentang waktu 2007-2019 secara bulanan, dan mengaplikasikan metode fixed effect model, simultaneous equation model serta seemingly unrelated regression. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa bea keluar dan volume ekspor berkorelasi secara simultan. Peningkatan permintaan ekspor dari Uni Eropa secara signifikan meningkatkan tarif bea keluar Indonesia, dan tarif bea keluar Indonesia secara signifikan mengurangi volume ekspor ke Uni Eropa. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa kebijakan bea keluar Indonesia atas ekspor tujuan Uni Eropa dapat meningkatkan suplai di dalam negeri.
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Rohmawati, R., & Verico, K. (2022). Pengaruh Kebijakan Bea Keluar terhadap Ekspor Indonesia ke Uni Eropa. Indonesian Treasury Review: Jurnal Perbendaharaan, Keuangan Negara Dan Kebijakan Publik, 7(2), 161-174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33105/itrev.v7i2.438
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References
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Santos-Paulino, A. U. (2002). Trade Liberalisation and Export Performance in Selected Developing Countries. Journal of Development Studies, 140-164.
Sinuraya, J. F., Sinaga, B. M., Oktaviani, R., & Hutabarat, B. (2017). Dampak Kebijakan Pajak Ekspor dan Tarif Impor terhadap Kesejahteraan Produsen dan Konsumen Kakao di Indonesia. Jurnal Agro Ekonomi, 11 - 31.
Soekartawi. (1993). Agribisnis Teori dan Aplikasinya. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Sofjan, M. (2017). The Effect of Liberalization on Export-import in Indonesia. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 672-676.
Solleder, O. (2013). Trade effects of export taxes. Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Working Paper.
Suryana, A. T., Fariyanti, A., & Rifin, A. (2014). Analisis Perdagangan Kakao Indonesia di Pasar Internasional . Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan, 29-40.
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Wong, K. K., Shamsudin, M. N., Mohamed, Z., & Sharifuddin, J. (2014). Effects of Export Duty Structure on the Performance of the Malaysian Palm Oil Industry. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 193-221.
Wooldridge, J. M. (2012). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach, 5th ed. Mason, OH: South-Western.
Yotov, Y. V., Piermartini, R., Monteiro, J.-A., & Larch, M. (2016). An Advanced Guide to Trade Policy Analysis: The Structural Gravity Model. Geneva: World Trade Organization.
Yudyanto, H., & Hastiadi, F. F. (2017). Analysis of the Imposition of Export Tax on Indonesian Cocoa Beans: Impact on the Processed Cocoa Export Indonesia and Malaysia. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 552-560.
Yusoff, M. b. (1990). The Effects of Tin Export Tax on Production, Export, and Prices in Malaysia. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 330-338.
Zakariya, M. L., Musadieq, M. A., & Sulasmiyati, S. (2016). Pengaruh Produksi, Harga, dan Nilai Tukar terhadap Volume Ekspor . Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 139-145.
Arsyad, M., Sinaga, B. M., & Yusuf, S. (2011). Analisis Dampak Kebijakan Pajak Ekspor dan Subsidi Harga Pupuk Terhadap Produksi dan Ekspor Kakao Indonesia Pasca Putaran Uruguay. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian.
Badrudin, R. (2008). Dampak Krisis Keuangan Amerika Serikat terhadap Perdagangan Internasional Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 233-246.
Balassa, B. (1968). Tariff protection in industrial nations and its effects . 583-594.
Bouët, A., & Debucquet, D. L. (2012). Food crisis and export taxation: The cost of non-cooperative trade policies. Review of World Economics, 209-233.
Bui, T. H., & Chen, Q. (2015). An Analysis of Factors Influencing Rice Export in Vietnam Based on Gravity Model. J Knowl Econ, 830 - 844.
Camp, K. M. (2019). The relationship between crude oil prices and export prices of major agricultural commodities. Beyond the Numbers (US Bureau of Labor Statistics).
Comission, E. (2021). The texts proposed by the EU for the trade deal with Indonesia. Brussels: European Comission.
Commission, E. (2015). Trade for all: Towards a more responsible trade and investment policy. Luksemburg: European Union.
Communities, C. o. (2006). Global Europe: Competing in the World. Brussels: Commission to the Council, the European Committee, European Economic and Social Committee of the Regions .
Damuri, Y. R., Atje, R., & Soedjito, A. (2014). Study on the Impact of An EU-Indonesia CEPA. Jakarta: Centre for Strategic and International Studies.
Edminster, L. R. (1930). Control of exports of raw materials: An international problem. American Academy of Political and Social Science, 89-97.
Fuad, N. (2004). Dasar-Dasar Keuangan Publik. Jakarta: Badan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Keuangan.
Fung, K., & Korinek, J. (2014). Economics of Export Restrictions as Applied to Industrial Raw Materials. Paris. OECD Trade Policy Papers.
Gumelar, S. A., Affandi, M. I., & Situmorang, S. (2020). Pengaruh Hambatan Nontarif di Pasar Uni Eropa terhadap Ekspor Komoditas CPO Indonesia. JIIA.
Harris, M. N., & Matyas, L. (1998). The Economics of Gravity Model. Melbourne Institute Working Paper No. 5/98.
Hasan, M. F., Reed, M. R., & Marchant, M. A. (2001). Effects of an Export Tax on Competitiveness: The Case of the Indonesian Palm Oil Industry. Journal of Economic Development.
Henneberry, D., & Hanneberry, S. (1988). International Trade Policies. In L. G. Tweeten, Agriculturan Policy Analysis Project (pp. 335-353). Cambridge: Abt Associates.
Ika, S. (2017). Kebijakan Hilirisasi Mineral: Reformasi Kebijakan untuk Meningkatkan Penerimaan Negara. Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan, 42-67.
Krugman, P. R., Obstfeld, M., & Melitz, M. J. (2012). International economics: theory & policy. Boston: Pearson Education.
Krugman, P. R., Obstfeld, M., & Melitz, M. J. (2018). International Economics Theory and Policy. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
Krugman, P., & Obstfeld, M. (2004). Ekonomi Internasional Teori dan Kebijakan. Jakarta: PT Indeks Kelompok Gramedia.
Laursen, K. (1998). Revealed Comparative Advantage and the Alternative Measures of International Specialisation. DRUID Working Paper No. 98-30.
Mankiw, G. N. (2006). Makroekonomi Edisi Keenam. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Maulana, A., & Kartiasih, F. (2017). Analisis Ekspor Kakao Olahan Indonesia ke Sembilan Negara Tujuan Tahun 2000-2014. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Indonesia, 103-117.
Nugroho, S., & Lubis, A. F. (2020). Pengaruh pajak ekspor terhadap produksi crude palm oil di indonesia. Forum Ekonomi, 138-151.
Parra, M. M., Schubert, S. R., & Brutschin, E. (2016). Export taxes and other restrictions on raw materials and their limitation through free trade agreements: Impact on. Belgia: European Parliament's Committee on Development.
Prameswita, W., Ismono, R. H., & Viantimala, B. (2014). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Volume Ekspor Kakao Provinsi Lampung. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis, 1-7.
Rifin, A. (2010). The Effect of Export Tax on Indonesia’s Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Export Competitiveness. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 173-184.
Rifin, A. (2014). The Effect of Crude Palm Oil Export Tax on Export and Prices. ASEAN Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting 2, 82-95.
Salvatore, D. (2013). International Economics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New Jersey.
Santos-Paulino, A. U. (2002). Trade Liberalisation and Export Performance in Selected Developing Countries. Journal of Development Studies, 140-164.
Sinuraya, J. F., Sinaga, B. M., Oktaviani, R., & Hutabarat, B. (2017). Dampak Kebijakan Pajak Ekspor dan Tarif Impor terhadap Kesejahteraan Produsen dan Konsumen Kakao di Indonesia. Jurnal Agro Ekonomi, 11 - 31.
Soekartawi. (1993). Agribisnis Teori dan Aplikasinya. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Sofjan, M. (2017). The Effect of Liberalization on Export-import in Indonesia. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 672-676.
Solleder, O. (2013). Trade effects of export taxes. Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Working Paper.
Suryana, A. T., Fariyanti, A., & Rifin, A. (2014). Analisis Perdagangan Kakao Indonesia di Pasar Internasional . Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan, 29-40.
Syadullah, M. (2014). Dampak Bea Keluar terhadap Ekspor CPO Indonesia. Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan, 241-254.
Verico, K. (2017). The Future of the ASEAN Economic Integration. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Verico, K. (2020). How to Measure Bilateral Economic Relations? Case of Indonesia – Australia. LPEM-FEBUI Working Paper - 056, 1-11.
Wong, K. K., Shamsudin, M. N., Mohamed, Z., & Sharifuddin, J. (2014). Effects of Export Duty Structure on the Performance of the Malaysian Palm Oil Industry. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 193-221.
Wooldridge, J. M. (2012). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach, 5th ed. Mason, OH: South-Western.
Yotov, Y. V., Piermartini, R., Monteiro, J.-A., & Larch, M. (2016). An Advanced Guide to Trade Policy Analysis: The Structural Gravity Model. Geneva: World Trade Organization.
Yudyanto, H., & Hastiadi, F. F. (2017). Analysis of the Imposition of Export Tax on Indonesian Cocoa Beans: Impact on the Processed Cocoa Export Indonesia and Malaysia. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 552-560.
Yusoff, M. b. (1990). The Effects of Tin Export Tax on Production, Export, and Prices in Malaysia. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 330-338.
Zakariya, M. L., Musadieq, M. A., & Sulasmiyati, S. (2016). Pengaruh Produksi, Harga, dan Nilai Tukar terhadap Volume Ekspor . Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 139-145.