Dampak Belanja Desa dan Modal Sosial terhadap Industri Perdesaan
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Jun 30, 2022
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Abstract
Belanja desa masih berfokus pada pembangunan sarana dan prasarana dasar, padahal terdapat potensi investasi lain di desa. Salah satu potensi investasi adalah industri perdesaan yang mampu menyerap tenaga kerja dan mengurangi kemiskinan di desa, di mana kedua hal tersebut adalah masalah yang dihadapi di perdesaan. Di luar masalah tersebut kebiasaan gotong royong sebagai modal sosial masih dipertahankan di perdesaan. Belanja pembangunan desa dan belanja pemberdayaan masyarakat memiliki porsi yang cukup besar dalam belanja desa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara belanja desa dan modal sosial dengan industri perdesaan. Temuan dari penelitian ini antara lain: 1) belanja pembangunan, belanja pemberdayaan masyarakat, dan modal sosial memiliki hubungan positif dengan industri perdesaan; dan 2) jumlah industri perdesaan lebih banyak berada di desa yang mengalokasikan belanja pembangunan atau belanja pemberdayaan untuk keperluan industri perdesaan. Untuk memajukan industri perdesaan perlu penyesuaian terhadap belanja pembangunan, efisiensi belanja, dan alokasi belanja untuk keperluan industri. Pemerintah desa perlu berkolaborasi dengan pelaku usaha dalam membangun dan memberdayakan industri desa serta berperan akitf dalam pemeliharaan gotong royong dan pengembangan koperasi di wilayahnya. Kajian selanjutnya disarankan untuk menggunakan jumlah atau rasio belanja pembangunan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat yang digunakan untuk kepentingan industri perdesaan.
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Adit, A., & Qibthiyyah, R. (2022). Dampak Belanja Desa dan Modal Sosial terhadap Industri Perdesaan. Indonesian Treasury Review: Jurnal Perbendaharaan, Keuangan Negara Dan Kebijakan Publik, 7(2), 145-159. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33105/itrev.v7i2.427
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References
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Fawcett, S. B., Paine-Andrews, A., Francisco, V. T., Schultz, J. A., Richter, K. P., Lewis, R. K., … Lopez, C. M. (1995). Using empowerment theory in collaborative partnerships for community health and development. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 677–697. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02506987
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Fukuyama, F. (2001). Social capital, civil society and development. Third World Quarterly, 22(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/713701144
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Herliana, E. T. (2015). Preserving Javanese Culture through Retail Activities in Pasar Beringharjo, Yogyakarta. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 184(August 2014), 206–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.05.081
Hermanto, B., & Suryanto. (2020). Business Ecosystem Policy for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 26(4), 1–7.
Higgins, B. (1958). Hatta and Co-operatives: The Middle Way for Indonesia? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 318(1), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271625831800108
Hossain, M., Asadullah, M. N., & Kambhampati, U. (2019). Empowerment and life satisfaction: Evidence from Bangladesh. World Development, 122, 170–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.05.013
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Lewis, B. D. (2015). Decentralising to Villages in Indonesia: Money (and Other) Mistakes. Public Administration and Development, 35(5), 347–359. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1741
Lukiyanto, K., & Wijayaningtyas, M. (2020). Gotong Royong as social capital to overcome micro and small enterprises’ capital difficulties. Heliyon, 6(9), e04879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04879
Manaf, A., Purbasari, N., Damayanti, M., Aprilia, N., & Astuti, W. (2018). Community-based rural tourism in inter-organizational collaboration: How does it work sustainably? Lessons learned from Nglanggeran Tourism Village, Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072142
Meutia, I., & Liliana. (2017). Pengelolaan Keuangan Dana Desa. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 336–352. https://doi.org/10.18202/jamal.2017.08.7058
Munizu, M., Sumardi, & Armayah. (2016). Study on Determinant Factors of Micro and Small Enterprises Development in South Sulawesi of Indonesia. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 7(6), 121–128. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n6p121
Nursini, N. (2020). Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and poverty reduction: empirical evidence from Indonesia. Development Studies Research, 7(1), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2020.1823238
Oreopoulos, P., & Salvanes, K. G. (2011). Priceless : The Nonpecuniary Benefits of Schooling. The Journal of Economics Perspectives, 25(1), 159–184.
Park, J.-D. (2019). Korea’s Path of Development in Restrospect. Re-Inventing Africa’s Development, (1), 177–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03946-2
Peterson, N. A. (2014). Empowerment Theory: Clarifying the Nature of Higher-Order Multidimensional Constructs. American Journal of Community Psychology, 53(1–2), 96–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-013-9624-0
Pratto, F. (2016). On power and empowerment. British Journal of Social Psychology, 55(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12135
Prayitno, G., Noor, D. S., & Hidayat, A. T. R. (2019). Social Capital, Entrepreneurship and Rural Development. Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research, 1(2), 84–88. https://doi.org/10.23960/jesr.v1i2.29
Priatama, R. A., Onitsuka, K., Rustiadi, E., & Hoshino, S. (2020). Social interaction of indonesian rural youths in the internet age. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12010115
Qin, X., Li, Y., Lu, Z., & Pan, W. (2020). What makes better village economic development in traditional agricultural areas of China? Evidence from 338 villages. Habitat International, 106(November), 102286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102286
Rustiadi, E., & Nasution, A. R. (2017). Can social capital investment reduce poverty in rural Indonesia? International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(2), 109. Retrieved from https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/3904
Sá, E., Casais, B., & Silva, J. (2019). Local development through rural entrepreneurship, from the Triple Helix perspective: The case of a peripheral region in northern Portugal. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 25(4), 698–716. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-03-2018-0172
Slikkerveer, L. J. (2019). Gotong Royong: An Indigenous Institution of Communality and Mutual Assistance in Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05423-6_14
Soetanto, D. (2017). Networks and entrepreneurial learning: coping with difficulties. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 23(3), 547–565. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-11-2015-0230
Stiglitz, J. E. (1998). Towards a New Paradigm for Development. October, 1(October), 76–107. Retrieved from https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1491127
Sumodiningrat, G., & Wulandari, A. (2016). Membangun Indonesia Dari Desa Pemberdayaan Desa sebagai Kunci Kesuksesan Pembangunan Ekonomi untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Rakyat. Yogyakarta: Media Pressindo.
Susanto, I. (2017). Solusi Pengembangan UMKM Melalui Ontologi. Performance, 23(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.performance.2016.23.1.290
Suwignyo, A. (2019). Gotong royong as social citizenship in Indonesia, 1940s to 1990s. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 50(3), 387–408. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463419000407
Tambunan, T. T. H. (2019). The impact of the economic crisis on micro, small, and medium enterprises and their crisis mitigation measures in Southeast Asia with reference to Indonesia. Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, 6(1), 19–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.264
Tarlani, & Sirajuddin, T. (2020). Rural development strategies in Indonesia: Managing villages to achieve sustainable development. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 447(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/447/1/012066
The World Bank. (2020). Indonesian Village Governance under the new Village Law (2015-2018). (May).
Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2011). Economic Development. Boston: Pearson.
Watts, J. D., Tacconi, L., Irawan, S., & Wijaya, A. H. (2019). Village transfers for the environment: Lessons from community-based development programs and the village fund. Forest Policy and Economics, (July). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.01.008
Westlund, H., & Bolton, R. (2003). Local Social Capital and Entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 21(2), 77–113. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025024009072
Winardi, U. N. (2020). Gotong Royong and the Transformation of Kampung Ledok Code, Yogyakarta. City and Society, 32(2), 375–386. https://doi.org/10.1111/ciso.12291
Arham, M. A., & Hatu, R. (2020). Does Village Fund Transfer Address the Issue of Inequality and Poverty? A Lesson from Indonesia*. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(10), 433–442. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no10.433
Arifin, B., Wicaksono, E., Tenrini, R. H., Wardhana, I. W., Setiawan, H., Damayanty, S. A., … Handoko, R. (2020). Village fund, village-owned-enterprises, and employment: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Rural Studies, 79(August), 382–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.08.052
Aslan, Darma, D. C., & Wijaya, A. (2019). Have village funds impact growth economy and poverty rate? International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 8(10), 2601–2605.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2018a). Pedoman Pencacah Desa/Kelurahan Podes 2018 Buku 2. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2018b). Statistik Keuangan Pemerintah Desa 2017. Jakarta.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2019a). Profil Industri Mikro dan Kecil Tahun 2018. Jakarta.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2019b). Statistik Keuangan Pemerintah Desa 2018. Jakarta.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Statistik Keuangan Pemerintah Desa 2019. Jakarta.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Statistik Keuangan Pemerintah Desa 2020. Jakarta.
Baidi, & Suyatno. (2018). Effect of entrepreneurship education, self efficacy and need for achievement toward students’ entrepreneurship intention: Case study in FEBI, Iain Surakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 21(2), 1–17.
Bowen, J. R. (1986). On the Political Construction of Tradition: Gotong Royong in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Studies, 45(3), 545–561. https://doi.org/10.2307/2056530
Direktorat Jenderal Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa. (2019). Laporan Kinerja Direktorat Jenderal Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Tahun 2018. Jakarta.
Faedlulloh, D. (2017). Modal Sosial dan Praktik Gotong Royong Para Pengrajin Gula Kelapa di Desa Ketanda Kabupaten Banyumas. Publisia: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.26905/pjiap.v2i2.1467
Fajri, M., & Rarasati, A. (2019). Impacts of infrastructure development in the villages of Batang Regency in terms of social, economy, education, and health. MATEC Web of Conferences, 270, 06003. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927006003
Fatimah, & Darna. (2011). Peranan Koperasi Dalam Mendukung Permodalan Usaha Kecil dan Mikro (UKM). Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 10(2), 127–138.
Fawcett, S. B., Paine-Andrews, A., Francisco, V. T., Schultz, J. A., Richter, K. P., Lewis, R. K., … Lopez, C. M. (1995). Using empowerment theory in collaborative partnerships for community health and development. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 677–697. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02506987
Firdausy, C. M. (Ed.). (2018). Koperasi dalam Sistem Perekonomian Indonesia - Achmad Sani Alhusain, SE (1st ed.). https://doi.org/9786024337018
Fritsch, M., & Wyrwich, M. (2017). The effect of entrepreneurship on economic development-an empirical analysis using regional entrepreneurship culture. Journal of Economic Geography, 17(1), 157–189. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbv049
Fukuyama, F. (2001). Social capital, civil society and development. Third World Quarterly, 22(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/713701144
Groenewegen, J., Spithoven, A., & van den Berg, A. (2010). Institutional Economics An Introduction. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Harmadi, S. H. B., Suchaini, U., & Adji, A. (2020). Village Development: Spatial Effect vs The Performance of the Village Government? Retrieved from http://tnp2k.go.id/download/93404WP52ENGFinal2606.pdf
Herliana, E. T. (2015). Preserving Javanese Culture through Retail Activities in Pasar Beringharjo, Yogyakarta. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 184(August 2014), 206–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.05.081
Hermanto, B., & Suryanto. (2020). Business Ecosystem Policy for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 26(4), 1–7.
Higgins, B. (1958). Hatta and Co-operatives: The Middle Way for Indonesia? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 318(1), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271625831800108
Hossain, M., Asadullah, M. N., & Kambhampati, U. (2019). Empowerment and life satisfaction: Evidence from Bangladesh. World Development, 122, 170–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.05.013
Kemendesa. (2018). Dinamika Pembangunan Desa Kajian 7 Wilayah Pulau tentang Manfaat Dana Desa di Indonesia. Retrieved from https://lumbungfile.kemendesa.go.id/index.php/s/eMoyCzfoc9LiAad#pdfviewer
Lewis, B. D. (2015). Decentralising to Villages in Indonesia: Money (and Other) Mistakes. Public Administration and Development, 35(5), 347–359. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1741
Lukiyanto, K., & Wijayaningtyas, M. (2020). Gotong Royong as social capital to overcome micro and small enterprises’ capital difficulties. Heliyon, 6(9), e04879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04879
Manaf, A., Purbasari, N., Damayanti, M., Aprilia, N., & Astuti, W. (2018). Community-based rural tourism in inter-organizational collaboration: How does it work sustainably? Lessons learned from Nglanggeran Tourism Village, Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072142
Meutia, I., & Liliana. (2017). Pengelolaan Keuangan Dana Desa. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 336–352. https://doi.org/10.18202/jamal.2017.08.7058
Munizu, M., Sumardi, & Armayah. (2016). Study on Determinant Factors of Micro and Small Enterprises Development in South Sulawesi of Indonesia. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 7(6), 121–128. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n6p121
Nursini, N. (2020). Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and poverty reduction: empirical evidence from Indonesia. Development Studies Research, 7(1), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2020.1823238
Oreopoulos, P., & Salvanes, K. G. (2011). Priceless : The Nonpecuniary Benefits of Schooling. The Journal of Economics Perspectives, 25(1), 159–184.
Park, J.-D. (2019). Korea’s Path of Development in Restrospect. Re-Inventing Africa’s Development, (1), 177–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03946-2
Peterson, N. A. (2014). Empowerment Theory: Clarifying the Nature of Higher-Order Multidimensional Constructs. American Journal of Community Psychology, 53(1–2), 96–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-013-9624-0
Pratto, F. (2016). On power and empowerment. British Journal of Social Psychology, 55(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12135
Prayitno, G., Noor, D. S., & Hidayat, A. T. R. (2019). Social Capital, Entrepreneurship and Rural Development. Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research, 1(2), 84–88. https://doi.org/10.23960/jesr.v1i2.29
Priatama, R. A., Onitsuka, K., Rustiadi, E., & Hoshino, S. (2020). Social interaction of indonesian rural youths in the internet age. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12010115
Qin, X., Li, Y., Lu, Z., & Pan, W. (2020). What makes better village economic development in traditional agricultural areas of China? Evidence from 338 villages. Habitat International, 106(November), 102286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102286
Rustiadi, E., & Nasution, A. R. (2017). Can social capital investment reduce poverty in rural Indonesia? International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(2), 109. Retrieved from https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/3904
Sá, E., Casais, B., & Silva, J. (2019). Local development through rural entrepreneurship, from the Triple Helix perspective: The case of a peripheral region in northern Portugal. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 25(4), 698–716. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-03-2018-0172
Slikkerveer, L. J. (2019). Gotong Royong: An Indigenous Institution of Communality and Mutual Assistance in Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05423-6_14
Soetanto, D. (2017). Networks and entrepreneurial learning: coping with difficulties. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 23(3), 547–565. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-11-2015-0230
Stiglitz, J. E. (1998). Towards a New Paradigm for Development. October, 1(October), 76–107. Retrieved from https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1491127
Sumodiningrat, G., & Wulandari, A. (2016). Membangun Indonesia Dari Desa Pemberdayaan Desa sebagai Kunci Kesuksesan Pembangunan Ekonomi untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Rakyat. Yogyakarta: Media Pressindo.
Susanto, I. (2017). Solusi Pengembangan UMKM Melalui Ontologi. Performance, 23(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.performance.2016.23.1.290
Suwignyo, A. (2019). Gotong royong as social citizenship in Indonesia, 1940s to 1990s. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 50(3), 387–408. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463419000407
Tambunan, T. T. H. (2019). The impact of the economic crisis on micro, small, and medium enterprises and their crisis mitigation measures in Southeast Asia with reference to Indonesia. Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, 6(1), 19–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.264
Tarlani, & Sirajuddin, T. (2020). Rural development strategies in Indonesia: Managing villages to achieve sustainable development. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 447(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/447/1/012066
The World Bank. (2020). Indonesian Village Governance under the new Village Law (2015-2018). (May).
Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2011). Economic Development. Boston: Pearson.
Watts, J. D., Tacconi, L., Irawan, S., & Wijaya, A. H. (2019). Village transfers for the environment: Lessons from community-based development programs and the village fund. Forest Policy and Economics, (July). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.01.008
Westlund, H., & Bolton, R. (2003). Local Social Capital and Entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 21(2), 77–113. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025024009072
Winardi, U. N. (2020). Gotong Royong and the Transformation of Kampung Ledok Code, Yogyakarta. City and Society, 32(2), 375–386. https://doi.org/10.1111/ciso.12291